https://www.williamearlewilliams.com/astirringsong daily 0.75 2020-04-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586713132908-U9JLKXMRIXE6Z970UPMC/AStirringSongSungHeroic+INTRO.jpg A Stirring Song Sung Heroic https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586713132908-U9JLKXMRIXE6Z970UPMC/AStirringSongSungHeroic+INTRO.jpg A Stirring Song Sung Heroic https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1512244567643-J0U49WNFRRZKCN9BPNLL/williams_01.jpg A Stirring Song Sung Heroic - Bishop Peter Spencer Memorial and Grave, Wilmington, Delaware, 2006 Spencer born a slave was the founder of the Delaware Black Church Movement. In 1813 on this site he founded The Union Church of Africans, presently known as the African Union Methodist Protestant Church. The church stood at this site until 1970 when the congregation moved to a new building. Under Bishop Spencer’s leadership the church and its members were active helpers on the Underground Railroad in Delaware. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586713025862-R97PEINAJITWE4BY7X0U/AStirringSongSungHeroic+INTRO.jpg A Stirring Song Sung Heroic https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1549172037153-0HDVJV0WU8G1H8FEN1YJ/2+ww++copy.jpg A Stirring Song Sung Heroic - Abraham Brian Barn, Gettysburg National Military Park, Gettysburg, PA 1986 Abraham Brian, a freedom seeker, escaped slavery and through hard work purchased a twelve-acre farm in 1857. His farm was used as a station on the Underground Railroad. Brian successfully farmed the land, until his crops and buildings were destroyed during the battle of Gettysburg in July of 1863. Bullet holes from the battle can be seen in the upright corner of this photograph. The Brian farm and barn is located near the Alexander Dobbin House, another station on the Underground Railroad on Steinwehr Avenue. Both of these sites are within a short walking distance of Gettysburg National Military Cemetery and the stone marker locating the podium where Abraham Lincoln delivered his immortal Gettysburg Address on November 19, 1863. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1547310640187-U7VBMCB9C0RT6VSPDAWK/A+Stirring+Song+Sung+Heroic+Text.jpg A Stirring Song Sung Heroic https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1512324669508-82NFL5LGJAPRZVIRQYTO/williams_03.jpg A Stirring Song Sung Heroic - Earth Works, Battle Site, Fort Pillow, Tennessee, 1999April 12, 1864U.S.C.T. Battery F, 2nd Light Artillery, and 11th (new) Infantry The massacre of African American soldiers on April 12, 1864 led to an investigation by the US Congress’ Committee on the Conduct of War. The soldiers, who were shot while surrendering, and the battle dead, which included women and children, were buried in the trench at Fort Pillow (shown in this photograph) by Confederate soldiers. Later the bodies were removed and buried in the Memphis National Military Cemetery. After the massacre, African American troops adopted the battle cry “Remember Fort Pillow.” https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1512324944306-J0COQPKKG2UX5TF93P7U/williams_04.jpg A Stirring Song Sung Heroic - Interior, School Room site of Fort Henderson, Athens, Alabama, 2004 Trinity School; a Freeman’s School organized in 1865 and sponsored by the American Missionary Society moved to the grounds of Fort Henderson in 1907.; The school served the African American community until it’s closing in 1970. Books; clothing and equipment were left; as they were when the school closed. The building including the auditorium became a ruin. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1548957107671-RLJRGC119XB3FHWMW8BX/williams_07.jpg A Stirring Song Sung Heroic - 54th Massachusetts Memorial, Boston Common, Boston, Massachusetts, 2015 American sculptor, Augustus Saint-Gaudens, memorial monument to the men of the 54th Massachusetts was commissioned by the veterans of the regiment and supporters in the 1880s and dedicated as a monument in 1897. The Shaw Memorial has been acclaimed as the greatest American sculpture of the 19th century. It commemorates the valiant efforts of Colonel Robert Gould Shaw and the men of the 54th Massachusetts, the first Civil War regiment of African Americans enlisted in the North. Its site on Boston Common marks the spot were the regiment marched by the State House on May 28, 1863 as they left Boston to board sea transport for the South. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1547310555605-K9NU6X4NLTXI3DIHOG24/A+Stirring+Song+Sung+Heroic+Text.jpg A Stirring Song Sung Heroic https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1512325591538-JUZQ21MULM5H70WPZ939/williams_05.jpg A Stirring Song Sung Heroic - Interior, Fort Morgan, Battle Site, Mobile Bay, Alabama, 2003 An estimated 20,000 African Americans served in the Union navy during the Civil War. Free men were always welcomed to serve in the navy. Long before runaway slaves were allowed to join the army, these freedom seekers were encouraged to join the navy. A number of African American sailors were on board Admiral Farragut’s fleet, and African American soldiers were present to fight in the land and sea operations for control of Mobile Bay from August 5 to August 23, 1864. Fort Morgan fell to Union forces with the loss of only one ship. The Tecumseh, an ironclad thought to be invincible, fell to the mines placed by Confederate troops, but the Union navy emerged victorious, their firepower overpowering the brick defenses of Fort Morgan. Four of the twenty-five Medals of Honor awarded to African American soldiers in the Civil War were awarded to sailors in the United States Navy fighting during the Battle of Fort Morgan. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1512324044658-D3BYYO5BMG4WMG4IUKTJ/williams_06.jpg A Stirring Song Sung Heroic - Second Floor Interior, Slave Cabin, Maryland, 2008 Hermitage Farm, Centreville, is located on the Eastern Shore of Maryland and has been continuously owned and occupied by the Tilghman family since the second half of the 17th century. This building is located where historical records and maps place the slave village. It is the only surviving structure and prior to its renovation in 2003 was found to have had structural renovations in the mid-19th century. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1513121872727-XA5TLRBUVM7OHKONZ1P1/Untitled-1.jpg A Stirring Song Sung Heroic https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537734801362-CT5FQDG84ZEMKL3Z1FYH/034.jpg A Stirring Song Sung Heroic - Honey Hill Battle Site, South Carolina, 1999 November 30, 1864. U.S.C.T. 32nd, 35th, 54th and 55th Massachusetts, and 102nd Infantry. These troops were part of an expeditionary force under the command of General John Hatch. It mission was to support General Sherman’s march to the sea from Atlanta by destroying the industrial infrastructure of the Confederacy along the Atlantic seaboard. The expeditionary force first objective was to destroy the Charleston and Savannah Rail Road line near Honey Hill. The Union Army meets stiff resistance from the enemy was outmaneuvered and suffered significant casualties and met with a defeat at Honey Hill. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537734802015-AWK2TXFFB98NE3OIH43L/035.sh.jpg A Stirring Song Sung Heroic - James Island looking towards Morris Island, 1999 July 18, 1863. 54th Massachusetts Infantry. This was the approach route of the 54th Massachusetts Regiment in the lead column of the forces in the attack of Battery Wagner guarding the entrance to Charleston harbor. Due to construction by the Corps of Engineers all that is left of Morris Island and Battery Wagner is the lighthouse, which was the final resting place of Colonel Shaw, Commander of the Regiment. Shaw’s body was stripped of its uniform and thrown into a burial pit with his men outside the walls of Battery Wagner by a Confederate burial party the next day. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537734806860-QF11F8K3V8OINYFUFVM9/047.sh.jpg A Stirring Song Sung Heroic - Forks in the Road, Slave Market Site, Natchez, Mississippi, 2004 This was the site of the South’s second largest slave market in the nineteenth century. Enslaved people were also sold on city streets and at Natchez Under the Hill. This market was last used for slave trading in 1863. Union troops then used the market buildings as a refugee camp for newly freed slaves and as housing for occupying Natchez. By 1864, the market buildings were torn down. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537643496158-WDQP3WTDD88P6DWOJ2UG/Intro_LauraGuth+Unsung+Heroes+Series.jpg A Stirring Song Sung Heroic https://www.williamearlewilliams.com/gettysburg daily 0.75 2020-04-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586713962239-GLO8G11JGF2ITXFW5UKM/Gettysburg+INTRO.jpg Gettysburg: A Journey In Time https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586713962239-GLO8G11JGF2ITXFW5UKM/Gettysburg+INTRO.jpg Gettysburg: A Journey In Time https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537636794303-TGXO6IGX259FK9EH2LJT/Gettysburg+-010.jpg Gettysburg: A Journey In Time - North Carolina Monument, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 1986 The North Carolina Monument is located near the Tennessee Monument. It is sited near the position where North Carolina regiments left the woods and formed up for their participation in Pickett’s Charge. Nearly three quarters of mile ahead at the stone fence near Abraham Brain’s barn there is another North Carolina monument marking the furthest advance of these troops and others on the Gettysburg Battlefield. North Carolina contributed 32 regiments to the Army of Northern Virginia, making it the largest contributor after the state of Virginia itself. Of the 14, 147 men from North Carolina involved in the Battle of Gettysburg, over 40% perished. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1547310341674-O14BPJMSVO4KHEDIVD3W/Gettysburg+Statement.jpg Gettysburg: A Journey In Time https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537636799823-IDI3WO74G1DR7OU5DFLJ/Gettysburg+-011.jpg Gettysburg: A Journey In Time - 142nd Pennsylvania Infantry Monument, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 1994 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537636806868-MONJPIU083R9KMZIMJ54/Gettysburg+-014.jpg Gettysburg: A Journey In Time - Spangler's Spring, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 1986 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537643063615-VWA3FW122X41E5SJS7WS/Gettysburg+Statement.jpg Gettysburg: A Journey In Time https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537636808386-O3F15XIL7YH39UFDK7ZR/Gettysburg+-016.jpg Gettysburg: A Journey In Time - 5th New York Cavalry Monument, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 1986 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537636818162-85GG7UCFLQCH8R4XIX44/Gettysburg+-024.jpg Gettysburg: A Journey In Time - Right-Front 68th Pennsylvania Volunteers, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1547309811024-G2LJRM2AYX4FYDD3DFZZ/Gettysburg+Statement.jpg Gettysburg: A Journey In Time https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537636823613-IB07LEAFQVU9BPMKXT2A/Gettysburg+-026.jpg Gettysburg: A Journey In Time - Dead Tree and Boulder, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 1986 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537636835348-F805OLOGNCK9AYIVM2OH/Gettysburg+-040.jpg Gettysburg: A Journey In Time - Louisiana Monument, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 1981 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537636865015-8GBY2GFD02NK13DA90WA/Gettysburg+-062.jpg Gettysburg: A Journey In Time - Mississippi Monument, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 1990 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1547309727461-FFBRYLDT5XGTZPZXQI8A/UGRR+essay+9-18-18.jpg Gettysburg: A Journey In Time https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537636840842-TNTLHNLKFOIX4CB9FV20/Gettysburg+-048.jpg Gettysburg: A Journey In Time - Boulder Plum Run, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 1986 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537636848863-Z7Q08R66O51LLJN8855R/Gettysburg+-050.jpg Gettysburg: A Journey In Time - 96th Pennsylvania Infantry Monument, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 1988 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537636857028-DXFW5Y26RLBOI7KGUJMW/Gettysburg+-053.jpg Gettysburg: A Journey In Time - 1st Eastern Shore Monument, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. 1990 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537636876163-N33GUK6X0OUW6O4Q9WSP/Gettysburg+-066.jpg Gettysburg: A Journey In Time - 2nd U.S. Sharpshooters Andrew Monument, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 1987 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537639270729-E3VP1C15J70XUXVPGR9S/Gettysburg+Statement.jpg Gettysburg: A Journey In Time https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537713652782-ZCNNE2L64MTSYH81UV9B/Gettysburg+-005.jpg Gettysburg: A Journey In Time - Woods where General Reginald was Killed, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 1988 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537635821415-PKM38SQBWPJEQWI04UKP/Gettysburg+-001.jpg Gettysburg: A Journey In Time https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537713655968-GJY2N256MGKDINBZSNAK/Gettysburg+-032.jpg Gettysburg: A Journey In Time - 109th Pennsylvania Infantry Monument, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 1988 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537713675031-EN34FHK0P69SM6UOMW1K/Gettysburg+-049.jpg Gettysburg: A Journey In Time - 74th Pennsylvania Infantry Monument, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 1986 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537713661566-C0034ZA3T5PK7BDV2D1J/Gettysburg+-033.jpg Gettysburg: A Journey In Time - Tree Peach Orchard, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 1987 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537713668094-P964ANIXK1K8G489O9EQ/Gettysburg+-047.jpg Gettysburg: A Journey In Time - Woods Culph's Hill, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 1990 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537713666463-LY3XXFME2N8K4Z2XF11S/Gettysburg+-036.jpg Gettysburg: A Journey In Time - 5th Infantry New Hampshire Monument, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 1986 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537713677747-9I2VXATW36RPHTRMICUX/Gettysburg+-063.jpg Gettysburg: A Journey In Time - Farm Detail East Cavalry Battefield, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 1991 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537713679229-JJ1AMJRR31L2R5XTWDEQ/Gettysburg+-064.jpg Gettysburg: A Journey In Time - Plowed Field, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 1987 https://www.williamearlewilliams.com/underground-railroad daily 0.75 2020-04-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586714537030-Z9CBWWM3V4SNK0WNR30Z/UndergroundRailroad+INTRO.jpg The Underground Railroad Made Visible https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586714537030-Z9CBWWM3V4SNK0WNR30Z/UndergroundRailroad+INTRO.jpg The Underground Railroad Made Visible https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537639842574-DNQJMOP5LMYLGYKGJ7KH/URR-MidwestPennNY+-007.jpg The Underground Railroad Made Visible - Toll House, Fort Edward, New York, 2001 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1547310204638-ZEC83IF5UP9PCR2J3J7V/UGRR+essay+9-18-18.jpg The Underground Railroad Made Visible https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537639851994-SKZ3UN4J0QJN666G56H4/URR-MidwestPennNY+-022.jpg The Underground Railroad Made Visible - Bunting House, UGRR Station, Darby, PA, 2005 This building was located at 1205 Main Street and was an active station on the Underground Railroad. The oldest part of the house reportedly dated back to 1699. Main Street in Darby held the distinction of having the most sites in operation in one area. The Quaker Meeting House, and the Fearne Mansion were active stations too, according to Darby Historical and Preservation Society member Lindy Wardell. Historically the house is associated with John Blunston who sailed with William Penn to America in 1682; and it was known as Freedom or Friendship House in the 1960s when the NAACP owned it. The demolition of the house and out buildings began on December 16, 2005. This picture was taken the next day on December 17. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537639851523-6X70PCCU8FMZU9QA48VM/URR-MidwestPennNY+-013.jpg The Underground Railroad Made Visible - Telegraph Road, Port Hudson Battle Site, Louisiana, 2004 On May 27, 1863 members of the Native Guard used this road to attack the fortifications at Port Hudson, which controlled the Mississippi River from New Orleans to Vicksburg. As a military action the assault was not successful. Yet the behavior of the Native Guard troops was a bright spot and proved, in the words of General Banks in his report to General Halleck, “The position occupied by these troops was one of importance, and called for there utmost steadiness and bravery. It gives me pleasure to report that they answered every expectation. No troops could be more determined or more daring… The history of this day proves conclusively that the government will find in this class of troops effective supporters and defenders.” https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1547310061948-YBKQQNK475DBCZYXRX3A/UGRR+essay+9-18-18.jpg The Underground Railroad Made Visible https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537639842287-SQDU23U1YO0238JEVI72/URR-MidwestPennNY+-005.jpg The Underground Railroad Made Visible - Alley, from the rear of Franklin and Armfield Slave Traders, Alexandria, Virginia, 2004 Franklin and Armfield Slave Traders, one of the most active slave trading firms, sold at least one-third of all slaves in the deep South in the 1820’s and 1830’s. A first hand account by abolitionist Professor E.A. Andrews compares the building to a penitentiary, its meticulous cleanliness, white-washed exterior and interior, “high walls…bolts, and bars”, more deplorable than a prison because of the inhabitants’ ancestral life sentence to bondage. The sight remained active until 1861 when the Union Army invaded Alexandria and converted it to a prison for the rest of the war. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537639856772-WJTHRZWM8Z0RJ5QQ8ZAM/URR-MidwestPennNY+-028.jpg The Underground Railroad Made Visible - Trail of Tears Landing, Ft. Gibson, Oklahoma, 1999 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1547309977619-77DHSTR29MOX1AFDF1ZD/UGRR+essay+9-18-18.jpg The Underground Railroad Made Visible https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537639857982-0B1VFXGS8LM46ANKOXLX/URR-MidwestPennNY+-031.jpg The Underground Railroad Made Visible - Paul Lawrence House (Interior), Dayton, Ohio, 1995 Paul Lawrence Dunbar (1872-1906) was an influential and eminent African-American poet. His poems are based on his observations of society and the experiences of his parents, who were both former slaves. His poetry voices the social dilemma of disenfranchised people and proclaims black dignity. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537639860204-ZAE3QDI1TCVT1DML0TQ3/URR-MidwestPennNY+-032.jpg The Underground Railroad Made Visible - Levi Coffin Barn, Fountain City, Idaho, 2001 The Levi Coffin house is a registered National Historic Landmark. Built in 1839, this Federal style brick home was used as an Underground Railroad station. The false bottom wagon (one of the few extent) was used to transport fugitive slaves. (Breathing holes for the secret human cargo can be seen in the bottom section of the wagon. Levi and Catharine Coffin were Quakers who opposed slavery. They accommodated fugitive slaves on their journey to freedom in the North. The Coffins’ hid escaping slaves in a secret upstairs room and placed beds in front the door to conceal the entrance. Fugitives sometimes stayed at the Coffins’ home for a couple of weeks to gain enough strength to continue on their journey. The Coffins successfully concealed over 2,000 fugitives and no slaves failed to reach freedom from their house. In 1847, the Coffins moved to Cincinnati so that Levi could operate a wholesale warehouse that supplied goods to free labor stores. The Coffins continued to assist the cause, helping another 1,300 slaves escape. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537639875301-1D0L9UIQG3MMD1OMN9MD/URR-ChesterCounty+-003.jpg The Underground Railroad Made Visible - Thomas House, Coatesville, PA, 1998 Formerly Coatesville Public Library. Underground Railroad Site https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537639881054-05V7THMS7AADMWRON2QR/URR-ChesterCounty+-010.jpg The Underground Railroad Made Visible - Rear of James Walker House Site, Kennett Square. Pennsylvania 1998 The Walker House was located at 303 South Union Street in Kennett Square. Mr. Walker a freed slave was an active conductor on the Underground Railroad assisting fugitives coming from Wilmington, Delaware directed to him by Thomas Garrett. The original house on the property served as the station with the kitchen in the rear of the house serving as the hiding place https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537639896041-OFLTWA3ATBSA6DFEKJJV/URR-ChesterCounty+-020.jpg The Underground Railroad Made Visible - Gardner House, Coatesville, Pennsylvania, 1998 Underground Railroad Station, built in 1812. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537639876991-D22GQI5QT8XWBA5NMU46/URR-ChesterCounty+-004.jpg The Underground Railroad Made Visible - Avondale, Chester County, Pennsylvania, 1998 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537639882460-F3QNV7X5PY4L4VJUC604/URR-ChesterCounty+-013.jpg The Underground Railroad Made Visible - Avondale, Chester County, Pennsylvania, 1998 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537639888593-VZ5D1C14USGLULW6AU6H/URR-ChesterCounty+-014.jpg The Underground Railroad Made Visible - Wagontown Inn, Barn Ruins, Wagontown, Pennsylvania, 1998 Underground Railroad Site https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537639889095-RA4L8QVKPNHTGVOWIVZV/URR-ChesterCounty+-015.jpg The Underground Railroad Made Visible - Avondale Barn, Chester County, Pennsylvania, 1998 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537639896624-A0DH6ZPJS2H1BWPSHJLW/URR-ChesterCounty+-021.jpg The Underground Railroad Made Visible - Wagontown Inn, House and Ruins of Barn, Wagontown, Pennsylvania, 1998 Underground Railroad Station https://www.williamearlewilliams.com/california-missions daily 0.75 2020-04-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586715040872-5M07C4J8P7VBTFTLDMVV/CaliforniaMissions+INTRO.jpg California Missions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586715040872-5M07C4J8P7VBTFTLDMVV/CaliforniaMissions+INTRO.jpg California Missions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537715784001-RR5JKL9JIMRSM8BQFS9U/CaliMissions+-002.jpg California Missions - Father Serra, California, 2015 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537715795222-DTPAG83M47HROR4C2PE4/CaliMissions+-006.jpg California Missions - Point Loma, San Diego, California, 2015 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537715810877-TX5LZF0WJPNX9A9E5PN6/CaliMissions+-012.jpg California Missions - Monterey Presidio, California, 2015 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537715799876-3B4BC6F1JJ0Z4V1XQVL2/CaliMissions+-008.jpg California Missions - Harbor Bay Bridge, San Francisco, California, 2014 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537715785734-2CLPX8RWA7F34163Y6H3/CaliMissions+-003.jpg California Missions - Monterey, California, 2015 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537715789444-6910C01UEN42OCS3NGLU/CaliMissions+-004.jpg California Missions - Santa Barbara Mission (Courtyard), California, 2015 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537715790766-UT8K4R1R4KSJW7AFR3CL/CaliMissions+-005.jpg California Missions - Santa Barbara Mission (Buildings), California, 2015 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537715796853-M035N5DIR1Q4N3NX7CRS/CaliMissions+-007.jpg California Missions - Nate Harrison Road, San Diego, California, 2014 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537715779010-9SXZ8SVKCLD8XTXZ3U3B/CaliMissions+-001.jpg California Missions - Old Town (Interior), Old Town, California, 2014 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537715822664-HYE0V4V2B2H7UJ2H571X/CaliMissions+-016.jpg California Missions - Point Loma Lighthouse, San Diego, California, 2015 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537715805036-8X40EYM617OEARJHBMZ1/CaliMissions+-010.jpg California Missions - Seeley Stable, Old City, San Diego, California, 2014 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537715806513-WAQ0GQ6OC9KB8L6PIAF7/CaliMissions+-011.jpg California Missions - Old City House, San Diego, California, 2015 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537715801715-UUZAJRXXF6HP13BHYFEA/CaliMissions+-009.jpg California Missions - Old City, San Diego, California, 2014 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537715812454-XNG28Z72IGJN43QFT9RP/CaliMissions+-013.jpg California Missions - Nate Harrison Grade Historical Marker, San Diego, California, 2015 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537715817323-QY6G8OBYX8SNL8EERRXO/CaliMissions+-014.jpg California Missions - Deadman's Point, San Diego, California, 2009 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537715817479-FXQJ9F4ML1RQOSPGLHSY/CaliMissions+-015.jpg California Missions - Palm Tree Monument, Old Town, San Diego, California, 2015 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537715822624-KD28B8HWA6E01N8ZH64X/CaliMissions+-017.jpg California Missions - Point Loma Lighthouse (Interior), San Diego, California, 2015 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537715828565-GCH9V84ERP0NY8BRBIK2/CaliMissions+-018.jpg California Missions - Old City Entrance, San Diego, California, 2014 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537715828066-1WNNKMI4WSEN8ABT5OX1/CaliMissions+-019.jpg California Missions - House Bell Tower, Old City, San Diego, California, 2009 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537715832566-4G6RW42AT4YWMY6CSBJV/CaliMissions+-020.jpg California Missions - Palo Alto Landing, California, 2015 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537715833774-GCMNCHPVSOUVBFTXD3VE/CaliMissions+-021.jpg California Missions - Santa Barbara Mission (Detail with Plant), California, 2015 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1561424554332-W5O6R5XGTHZAHOHL48UO/CaliMissions+-+022.jpg California Missions - Nate Harrison Grade, San Diego, California, 2014 https://www.williamearlewilliams.com/unsung-heroes daily 0.75 2020-04-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586713672761-203K8OHHZ787UE533RZ5/UnsungHeroes+INTRO.jpg Unsung Heroes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586713672761-203K8OHHZ787UE533RZ5/UnsungHeroes+INTRO.jpg Unsung Heroes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1549172635784-PSM77IN22RB97QR1NJM3/001.sh.jpg Unsung Heroes - Jamestown Island, Virginia, 1996 This is near the place where the first African indentured laborers landed in the English North American Colonies in 1619. Later this site became a Civil War Fort built by enslaved Africans for the defense of the Confederate States. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1547310445319-OYT0MRO5IZ49K1NLJ7QS/Intro_LauraGuth+Unsung+Heroes+Series.jpg Unsung Heroes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537735042080-E0TGLYIUANXN36M0MPAQ/002.jpg Unsung Heroes - Cabin Creek, Oklahoma, 1999 July 1 and 2, 1863. U.S.C. T. 79th Infantry also known as 1st Kansans (Colored) This engagement along the creek bed in Indian Territory involved not only African-Americans but also Native Americans who fought for both the Union and Confederate Forces. It was also the first time that the entire 1st Kansas (Colored) Regiment had fought together. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537735050359-3SZAERTXQ14GUJ85BH84/003.sh.jpg Unsung Heroes - Oswego Harbor, New York 2003 This town and its harbor were the last stop on the Underground Railroad's Central New York line in the United States. Directly across from Oswego is Kingston, Ontario, Canada, and the final destination for fugitives seeking freedom. The most famous passenger on this line was William "Jerry " Henry an escaped slave from Missouri. Henry's arrest under the provisions of the revised Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 and rescue from jail by a crowd of black and white abolitionists in Syracuse on October 1, 1851 became known as the Jerry Rescue. The event was electrifying news across the country cheered in he north and condemned in the south. The Jerry Rescue and the September 11 armed resistance to slave catchers at Christiana, Pennsylvania were portents leading up to the Civil War. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537735052901-XBFAIH5CI6OBTCZD6OML/007.jpg Unsung Heroes - Camp Delaware, Delaware, Ohio, 1995 The first regiment raised at Camp Delaware was the 5th U.S.C.T which completed its training in November of 1863. It joined the Army of the James and was to see action in ten battles in Virginia. One of the chief recruiters for this regiment was John Mercer Langston, who had earlier recruited men for the 54th and 55th Massachusetts regiments. Langston, a graduate of Oberlin College and the first African-American to become a member of the Ohio bar became the founder and first dean of the Howard University Law School. The poet, Langston Hughes was the great great grandson of Charles Henry Langston, brother of John Mercer Langston. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1538944237794-I188YU2BYT7XBR1GQFC2/Intro_LauraGuth+Unsung+Heroes+Series.jpg Unsung Heroes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537734976277-MTBFTE9FX7XXY5X68G2K/Intro_LauraGuth+Unsung+Heroes+Series.jpg Unsung Heroes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537735061156-N6C32BHIW8J1ITWDWJLR/012.sh.jpg Unsung Heroes - Ruins Tabby Warehouses, Darien, Georgia, 1999 June 11, 1863. 54th Massachusetts and 2nd North Carolina Infantry. The raid and destruction of this low priority military target lead by Colonel Montgomery of the 2nd North Carolina and depicted in the opening scenes of the movie, Glory so incensed Colonel Shaw, commander of the 54th that he vowed his troops would never be used in this way again. Through intermediaries Shaw got the 54th assigned to lead the assault on Battery Wagner on July 18, 1863. This action witnessed by a large number of reporters helped to establish in the popular press and in opinion circles in the North that African-American solders could and would fight in a large-scale military operation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537735061277-L5XXFJAVDBYDF8UJ7AI7/015.jpg Unsung Heroes - Earthworks Fort Gilmer Richmond, Virginia, 1996 September 29, 1864. U.S.C.T. 7th, 8th, 9th, 5th Infantry. The earth works of this fort where stormed with a terrible lost of life by the 7th Infantry. Four companies of this regiment under the command of Captain Weiss reported 20 dead, 80 wounded and 136 missing in the official accounts of the action but those figures were based on the bodies recovered. 2 African-American Solders saw significant action in nearly all of the engagements in the closing year of the war in Petersburg and Richmond. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537735069538-H6BHFN0E9BQC4OEF7DT5/018.jpg Unsung Heroes - Honey Springs, Oklahoma, 1999 July 17th 1863. U.S. C.T. 79th (new) also 1st Kansas Colored (old) Infantry. This engagement at Confederate States supply depot at Honey Springs resulted in a Union victory. Writing in his official report General Blunt noted: “the 1st Kansas Colored, particularly distinguished itself…Their coolness and bravery I have never seen surpassed.” https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537735074376-88A8PWGNC5NFIIKHF92Z/022.sh.jpg Unsung Heroes - Windsor Plantation Ruins, Lorman, Mississippi, 2004 General U.S. Grant’s Army marched passed Windsor in route to the Vicksburg Campaign in 1863. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537735079748-00289OBKU4EGWMD4O1BQ/023.sh.jpg Unsung Heroes - Arlington National Cemetery, Section 27, Arlington, Virginia, 2000 African-American solders serving in the 54th Massachusetts Regiment and other U.S.C.T. regiments are buried in this part of the cemetery. General Lee’s family owned Arlington Plantation; the Federal Government confiscated the property at the beginning of the Civil War and slaves from the surrounding countryside flocked to it to become emancipated. Many died in the Freedman’s Village located near Section 27 and their government issued headstones was inscribed with their names and the word “Civilian” or “Citizen”. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537735085144-7I2VXAWS2U6FU03L1PVB/037.sh.jpg Unsung Heroes - Palmetto Ranch Gate, Texas, 2001 May 12-13, 1865. U.S.C.T. 62nd Infantry. It was near this position that Confederate forces from Brownsville met Union Army forces for the last military action of the Civil War. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537735089070-7XU2BPG74LGXY4KVU0CG/041.sh.jpg Unsung Heroes - Tupelo Mississippi, 2004 July 13, 14 and 15, 1864. U.S.C.T. 59th, 61st and 68th Infantry. Today Tupelo is best known as the birthplace of Elvis Presley. During the Civil War it was and is today and important rail route for which both sides fought for control. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537735097620-7ATIVTQ4XSIVXZW0SRWA/045.sh.jpg Unsung Heroes - Port Hudson, Telegraph Road, 2004 May 22 to July 8, 1863. U.S.C.T. 73rd (1st Louisiana Native Guards), 75th (3rd Louisiana Native Guards), 78th, 79th (old), 80th, 81st, 82nd and 95th. This is the view of Telegraph Road coming from the Port Hudson settlement and river batteries to the earth works located on a bluff; all were built with slave labor. The capture of these fortifications was the objective of the Union Army from May 22 to July 8, 1863 when Port Hudson surrendered after the fall of Vicksburg on July 4, 1863. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537735100184-BF93SO0NL5L860LO22G8/050sh.jpg Unsung Heroes - Interior Fort Gaines, Alabama, 2003 U.S.C.T. 96th Infantry August 2 to 8, 1864. This fort located on Dauphin Island at the western entrance to Mobile Bay was built with the assistance of slave labor. By 1864 Mobile was one of the last ports open to blockade-runners bring in supplies to the Confederacy. Admiral David Farragut assembled a large strike force of soldiers and ships to capture the forts that guarded Mobile Bay. On August 3rd troops including the 96th landed near the fort and for the next 5 days a land and sea battle raged for control of Mobile Bay. Farragut on August 7 sent a boat bearing a truce flag with a demand for surrender, which was accepted by the Confederate command on August 8, 1863. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537735108394-6Q26Y36UEMICZV8H26DG/051.sh.jpg Unsung Heroes - Interior Fort Gaines, Alabama, 2003 August 2 to 8, 1864. U.S.C.T. 96th Infantry. Natchez, Mississippi area slaves where freed in 1863 when Union Army forces occupied the city, many of these slaves joined the Union forces. Wilson Brown, a former slave joined the Union Navy and was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor for his service at the battle of Mobile Bay. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537735109357-P0TKUVGJKPDEPH3RP8O3/056.sh.jpg Unsung Heroes - Cabin Creek, Oklahoma, 1999 July 1 and 2, 1863. U.S.C.T. 79th (new) Infantry also known as the 1st Kansas (Colored) Regiment https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537735117579-7ICRHHA4K8QR2YAWGGJJ/058.sh.jpg Unsung Heroes - Waterproof, Louisiana, 2004 February 14, 1864. U.S, C.T. 49th Infantry. April 20, 1864. U.S.C.T. 63rd Infantry. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1537735118607-F2DENAR7US8PWJZK1R9N/060.sh.jpg Unsung Heroes - Battle of Palmetto Ranch, Texas 2001 May 15, 1865. U.S.C.T. 62nd Infantry. The pilings shown predate the Civil War and supported a bridge used by Union Army Regiments to move from their base in Brazos Santiago, which can be seen in the distance to mount an unsuccessful action against Fort Brown. The movement of these troops after Lee’s surrender at Appomattox on April 9 constitutes the last fighting of the Civil War. https://www.williamearlewilliams.com/boston-massachusetts daily 0.75 2020-04-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586715150339-VGBEP58QFDPF4K5R8UTP/BostonMassachusetts+INTRO.jpg Boston, Massachusetts Area and 54th Massachusetts Regiment https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586715150339-VGBEP58QFDPF4K5R8UTP/BostonMassachusetts+INTRO.jpg Boston, Massachusetts Area and 54th Massachusetts Regiment https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1540661079695-5Q2WOW6PFPFK653EMYEU/Copley+Monument+Boston+MA+15.jpg Boston, Massachusetts Area and 54th Massachusetts Regiment - Copley Monument, Beacon Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 2015 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1540661074772-I5FI27WBZ1MTPG8GO1OA/54th+Mass+Monumt+Detail+Boston+MA+15.jpg Boston, Massachusetts Area and 54th Massachusetts Regiment - 54th Massachusetts Monument (Detail), Beacon Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 2015 Detail of the 54th Massachusetts Monument with inscribed members of the regiment that were killed. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1540661074692-XK5EFRIPVQ5SKMCS478O/54th+Mass+Monument+Rear+MA+15.jpg Boston, Massachusetts Area and 54th Massachusetts Regiment - 54th Massachusetts Monument, Rear Pediment designed by Stanford White, Boston, Massachusetts, 2015 American sculptor, Augustus Saint-Gaudens, memorial monument to the men of the 54th Massachusetts was commissioned by the veterans of the regiment and supporters in the 1880s and dedicated as a monument in 1897. The Shaw Memorial has been acclaimed as the greatest American sculpture of the 19th century. It commemorates the valiant efforts of Colonel Robert Gould Shaw and the men of the 54th Massachusetts, the first Civil War regiment of African Americans enlisted in the North. Its site on Boston Common marks the spot were the regiment marched by the State House on May 28, 1863 as they left Boston to board sea transport for the South. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1540661083933-KMR2KQH8FSTCOPT5P1RL/Pickney+and+Joy+St+Boston+MA+15.jpg Boston, Massachusetts Area and 54th Massachusetts Regiment - House, Pinckney and Joy Street, Beacon Hill, UGRR Station, Boston, Massachusetts, 2015 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1540661077364-OUKEPBA2TTVHZ1YCH5XC/Beacon+Hill+Boston+MA+15.jpg Boston, Massachusetts Area and 54th Massachusetts Regiment - Reflections from the African Meeting House, Beacon Hill Boston, Massachusetts, 2015 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1540661089347-0CJQ75AKNYTSS930FGOS/Pulpit+Af+Meeting+House+Boston+MA+15.jpg Boston, Massachusetts Area and 54th Massachusetts Regiment - Pulpit, African Meeting House, Boston, Massachusetts, 2015 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1540661081567-E7ZPHW57AOICZDK0C59J/House+Front+Boston+Ma+15.jpg Boston, Massachusetts Area and 54th Massachusetts Regiment - William Nell House (Front), Boston, Massachusetts, 2015 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1540661081885-KVMRDAZF765IFI1A9V99/Houses+Beacon+Hill+MA+15.jpg Boston, Massachusetts Area and 54th Massachusetts Regiment - William Nell House, Detail, Beacon Hill, Boston, Massachusetts, 2015 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1540661083881-3RG6028X97JQZ44SGT5R/Monument+Readville+54th+Mass+15.jpg Boston, Massachusetts Area and 54th Massachusetts Regiment - Monument to the 54th Massachusetts, Readville, Massachusetts, 2015 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1540661079855-3VTHB90GEFPX00BSQHTR/Corner+Readville+MA+15.jpg Boston, Massachusetts Area and 54th Massachusetts Regiment - Corner, Readville, Massachusetts, 2015 Training Camp for 54th, 55th, and 5th Cavalry Regiments. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1540661077446-4S6S4UBFYKN7E4JHAXS2/54th+Mass+Readville+MA+15.jpg Boston, Massachusetts Area and 54th Massachusetts Regiment - View of 54th, 55th, and 5th Cavalry Massachusetts Regiments, Readville, Massachusetts, 2015 Training Camp for 54th, 55th, and 5th Cavalry Regiments. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1540661088708-500WXPHWYPBM3PZG3ZRF/Shaw+Memorial+Mt+Auburn+MA+15.jpg Boston, Massachusetts Area and 54th Massachusetts Regiment - Robert Gould Shaw Family Memorial, Mt. Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2015 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1540661086060-1K1WU2LR0B4Y2VRVXNK7/Shaw+Gravesites+Mt+Auburn+MA+15.jpg Boston, Massachusetts Area and 54th Massachusetts Regiment - Parents of Robert Gould Shaw Gravesites, Mt. Auburn, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2015 https://www.williamearlewilliams.com/solomon-northup daily 0.75 2020-04-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586715246374-VQ7RCYI6IRSLM2DNMI3K/JourneyofSolomnNorthup+INTRO.jpg The Journey of Solomon Northup, From 1841 - 1853 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586715246374-VQ7RCYI6IRSLM2DNMI3K/JourneyofSolomnNorthup+INTRO.jpg The Journey of Solomon Northup, From 1841 - 1853 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1540672096188-YYDEC4QPM5W0AIDVWPI8/saratoga+park+horse+statue+001%28ptfspot%29.jpg The Journey of Solomon Northup, From 1841 - 1853 - Saratoga Park, Horse Statue, Saratoga Springs, New York, 2015 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1540672100467-V5HUTRS93ZDSKEQ4JCXJ/saratoga+congress+pk+%28fptspt%29_1212+019.jpg The Journey of Solomon Northup, From 1841 - 1853 - Congress Park, Saratoga Springs, New York, 2015 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1540672097736-JWNZKJ10ZG7ZL97VV5PH/saratoga+park+spring%28fptspt%29+001.jpg The Journey of Solomon Northup, From 1841 - 1853 - Congress Spring, Saratoga Park, Saratoga Springs, New York, 2015 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1540672100786-WJ2LU62RI9D9ZM7I6AAU/Saratoga+Springs+Eagle+Tavern%28fptspt%29+005.jpg The Journey of Solomon Northup, From 1841 - 1853 - Eagle Tavern, Saratoga Springs, New York, 2015 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1540672279726-WY4LPRPYHEZ0SD9SVYBE/Arrow+Sign+Champlain+NY+15.jpg The Journey of Solomon Northup, From 1841 - 1853 - Arrow Sign, Champlain, New York, 2015 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1540672082873-8D7THMUJX03UABB16B7M/Ft+Edward+%28fpt%29+013.jpg The Journey of Solomon Northup, From 1841 - 1853 - Ft. Edward Town Square, Ft. Edward, New York, 2015 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1540672086585-NFMS45D7T1BT1U4IEJQ5/Ft+Edward+Mintus+Northrup+hse%28fptspt%29+011.jpg The Journey of Solomon Northup, From 1841 - 1853 - Mintus Northup House, Ft. Edward, New York, 2015 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1540672089060-LV1A8SLFDT34PJFM0WC2/Ft+Edward+Rd+Northrup+007%28fptspot%29.jpg The Journey of Solomon Northup, From 1841 - 1853 - Ft. Edward Rd, Ft. Edward, New York, 2015 Northup Site https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1540672089911-EN1Q2QI3I8DAE1US16KM/Ft+Edward+SNorthrup+Hse+%28fpts+spt%29009_1212.jpg The Journey of Solomon Northup, From 1841 - 1853 - Old Fort House, Ft. Edward, New York, 2015 Solomon Northup's first residence after marriage. Solomon Northup, an educated black man who was born free but later drugged and sold into slavery, lived in what was known as the “old yellow house” in Fort Edward, New York. In 1835, twelve years after Northup was sold, he was found and freed. He wrote Twelve Years as a Slave and his narrative won him national fame. However, the “old yellow house” rooted itself in history long before Solomon Northup occupied it. It was built with timber from the Fort Edward fortification during the French and Indian War; it was used as both British and American headquarters during the Revolutionary War, and George Washington dined there at least twice. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1540672082623-XSUGRJV7GEIXQ34UZWP0/Ft+Edward+010+%28fpt%29.jpg The Journey of Solomon Northup, From 1841 - 1853 - Lake Champlain Canal, Ft. Edward, New York, 2015 Twelve Years a Slave was published in 1853 by Solomon Northup; and he dedicated the book to Harriet Beecher Stowe and the abolitionist cause. Northup was born near Fort Edward in 1807 and remained in the area after his marriage; a short distance away is the Champlain Canal and this lock. Northup spent his early years doing canal repair work and rafting supplies along its route. It is not known, if he witnessed freedom seekers along its path prior to his abduction in 1841. After his return from slavery and freedom in 1853, Northup became an active agent of the Underground Railroad. Sometime in the 1860s, he disappeared along the canal route never to be heard from again. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1540668065763-WISCOK0ES5P1LVHAE44P/LouisanaSlavery031.jpg The Journey of Solomon Northup, From 1841 - 1853 - Site of St. Louis Hotel Slave Market, New Orleans, Louisiana, 2013 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1540668062359-2CI6PEMORXNCFL1PFF25/LouisanaSlavery025.jpg The Journey of Solomon Northup, From 1841 - 1853 - Eppshouse, Exterior, Alexandria, Louisiana, 2014 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1540668050540-30AN7E6RFO7E9IBIOHH0/LouisanaSlavery020.jpg The Journey of Solomon Northup, From 1841 - 1853 - Eppshouse, Exterior Detail, Alexandria, Louisiana, 2014 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1540668056193-ROBWLIE9Z22JU3PJBJLZ/LouisanaSlavery022.jpg The Journey of Solomon Northup, From 1841 - 1853 - General Store, Detail, Marksville, Louisiana, 2014 This is the site where Sam Bass mailed Solomon Northup’s letter to New York State. This letter eventually lead to Northup freedom after 12 years of bondage on Louisiana plantations. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1540668045784-JIU7J54295A42ZQE48SB/LouisanaSlavery019.jpg The Journey of Solomon Northup, From 1841 - 1853 - Marksville Court House, Marksville, Louisiana, 2014 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1540668040691-57WMK1XWM4EMPV9JOXF0/LouisanaSlavery015.jpg The Journey of Solomon Northup, From 1841 - 1853 - Ferry Landing Site, Marksville, Louisiana, 2014 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1540672513228-K66FJHKHK59OXBD0P5W6/Cem+Gate+Hudson+Falls+NY+15.jpg The Journey of Solomon Northup, From 1841 - 1853 - Cemetery Gate, Hudson Falls, New York, 2015 The original name of Hudson Falls was Baker’s Falls, named for Albert Baker who came to the area from New York City in 1768. Baker built a short wing dam and saw mill on the Hudson River at the site of the falls that today bear his name. These falls are believed to be the highest falls on the Hudson River. The Baker cemetery in Hudson Falls, originally a private burial place for the Baker family dates back to 1800. Mintus Northup (1772-1829), the father of author and African American abolitionist, Solomon Northup, a longtime resident of the area is buried here. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1540672086140-D4BUKLQOAY9OHSE3PVXN/Ft+Edward+cemetery+HNorthrup+002+%28fptspt%29.jpg The Journey of Solomon Northup, From 1841 - 1853 - Ft. Edward Cemetery, Henry Northup Obelisk, Northup Family Plot, Ft. Edward, New York, 2015 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1540672092389-F6Y11KH6Z3Q8UFB0SWLO/Hudson+Falls+M+Northrup+stone%28fptspt%29+017.jpg The Journey of Solomon Northup, From 1841 - 1853 - Mintus Northup Headstone, Hudson Falls, New York, 2015 The Baker cemetery in Hudson Falls, originally a private burial place for the Baker family dates back to 1800. Mintus Northup (1772-1829), the father of author and African American abolitionist, Solomon Northup, a longtime resident of the area is buried here. A new head stone replaced the old one, which commemorates the life of Solomon Northup. https://www.williamearlewilliams.com/st-louis-missouri-and-alton-illinois daily 0.75 2020-04-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586715344750-Y1ORAQNL2XTE6VTYWR4R/TheWaytoFreedom+INTRO.jpg St. Louis, Missouri and Alton, Illinois: Underground Railroad Sites, and the Way to Freedom https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586715344750-Y1ORAQNL2XTE6VTYWR4R/TheWaytoFreedom+INTRO.jpg St. Louis, Missouri and Alton, Illinois: Underground Railroad Sites, and the Way to Freedom https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1541959055930-HNLKU5XKB2CMEF4O7Q75/Alton+-003.jpg St. Louis, Missouri and Alton, Illinois: Underground Railroad Sites, and the Way to Freedom - Trinity A.M.E. Church, Alton, Illinois, 2010 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1541959054535-S7M8BA78QCCW25QXT2K9/Alton+-005.jpg St. Louis, Missouri and Alton, Illinois: Underground Railroad Sites, and the Way to Freedom - Lincoln and Douglass Debate Memorial, Alton, Illinois, 2010 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1541959061478-2SWOO5DSX3RVYV3J3W2U/Alton+-006.jpg St. Louis, Missouri and Alton, Illinois: Underground Railroad Sites, and the Way to Freedom - LoveJoy Grave, City Cemetery, Alton, Illinois, 2010 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1541959061185-91U3GOGANMG7PBCJ5PQ0/Alton+-008.jpg St. Louis, Missouri and Alton, Illinois: Underground Railroad Sites, and the Way to Freedom - Lyman Trumbull House, Alton, Illinois, 2010 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1541959066959-YFH1G26458O3SFR2NQMM/Alton+-009.jpg St. Louis, Missouri and Alton, Illinois: Underground Railroad Sites, and the Way to Freedom - Johnson Family Farm Building, Alton, Illinois, 2010 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1541959067214-U9LJJSEFA5F25X2H0I75/Alton+-010.jpg St. Louis, Missouri and Alton, Illinois: Underground Railroad Sites, and the Way to Freedom - Johnson Family Farm Field, Alton, Illinois, 2010 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1541959072389-BO3R91XHQ1AX8RBZJ0T7/Alton+-012.jpg St. Louis, Missouri and Alton, Illinois: Underground Railroad Sites, and the Way to Freedom - LoveJoy Press Fragment, Alton, Illinois, 2010 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1541959073914-6PR97PCSD8KR1RY5H6B2/GrantsFarm+-002.jpg St. Louis, Missouri and Alton, Illinois: Underground Railroad Sites, and the Way to Freedom - US Grant's Farm, Exterior with Kitchen, St. Louis, Missouri, 2010 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1541959078242-Y7A637QG29D5ZAJS9DHP/Memphis++-004.jpg St. Louis, Missouri and Alton, Illinois: Underground Railroad Sites, and the Way to Freedom - Burkle Estate Farm, Underground Railroad Station, Memphis, Tennessee, 2010 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1541959080481-GTUFK4Q1OQM98G7YG1JL/Memphis+-001.jpg St. Louis, Missouri and Alton, Illinois: Underground Railroad Sites, and the Way to Freedom - Burkle Estate, Underground Railroad Station, Memphis, Tennessee, 2010 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1541959084603-6FJ8YAB5WX03Q676IQGX/St.Louis+-001.jpg St. Louis, Missouri and Alton, Illinois: Underground Railroad Sites, and the Way to Freedom - Mary Meachum Freedom Crossing, St. Louis, Missouri, 2010 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1541959086484-B8WJUKX08Z7GH86Z7CO2/St.Louis+-004.jpg St. Louis, Missouri and Alton, Illinois: Underground Railroad Sites, and the Way to Freedom - Mary Meachum Freedom Crossing with Bridge, St. Louis, Missouri, 2010 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1541959090030-F9XRF03QJ4DCP6N7JHFU/St.Louis+-005.jpg St. Louis, Missouri and Alton, Illinois: Underground Railroad Sites, and the Way to Freedom - Henry Shaw Mausoleum, St. Louis, Missouri, 2010 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1541959094749-RXNWI4AZH6RI1UK2P7PM/St.Louis+-007.jpg St. Louis, Missouri and Alton, Illinois: Underground Railroad Sites, and the Way to Freedom - Mary Meachum Freedom Crossing, Spring, St. Louis, Missouri, 2010 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1541959095720-GBTG06CBDTRTHPRMS6HY/St.Louis+-009.jpg St. Louis, Missouri and Alton, Illinois: Underground Railroad Sites, and the Way to Freedom - Gateway Arch National Park, St. Louis, Missouri, 2010 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1541959098888-X5NNT3HYIW2UQDQX9G2J/St.Louis+-010.jpg St. Louis, Missouri and Alton, Illinois: Underground Railroad Sites, and the Way to Freedom - Old Courthouse with Gateway Arch, St. Louis, Missouri, 2010 https://www.williamearlewilliams.com/party-pictures daily 0.75 2020-04-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586714868021-BP7VNSAHKZGRSGZC4OB0/PartyPictures+INTRO.jpg Party Pictures https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586714868021-BP7VNSAHKZGRSGZC4OB0/PartyPictures+INTRO.jpg Party Pictures https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1583196820304-E7HWRAXM3FPN8FJE5JAK/Party+Pictures+fact+sheet_draft3_October+2019%282%29.jpg Party Pictures https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586714713916-0LD2V3C5APA9XJRXVSQH/PartyPictures+INTRO.jpg Party Pictures https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1575998924934-ZIOPHGCA6PARVVDYG5BO/annenberg_003.jpg Party Pictures - Untitled, 1981. Benefit featuring entertainer Bobby Short at the Annenberg Center, University of Pennsylvania https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1549219774521-T1991FUCBIN9PBK6HOD2/Candle+sticks+81.jpg Party Pictures https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1575998906113-9ULHKRI3BZ8QRGHZW32Y/annenberg82s_.jpg Party Pictures - Untitled, 1982. Benefit at the Annenberg Center, University of Pennsylvania event honoring Grace Kelly and the Grace Kelly Foundation, Frank Sinatra at center https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1549220799001-9TFX2NMHOU0GB0K4XGRP/BobbyShort+-+81-2.jpg Party Pictures - Untitled, 1981. Benefit featuring entertainer Bobby Short at the Annenberg Center, University of Pennsylvania https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1549220799291-25AN22CLIPHDGFY4F0EP/Candle+sticks+81.jpg Party Pictures - Untitled, 1981. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1549220102311-Z6ZZPSTOX0FO0KPBYQEH/annenberg_003.jpg Party Pictures https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1549220799930-HJZ81O7KGWV92S0SLRLB/Crystal+Ball+83+-0005-5a_13.jpg Party Pictures - Untitled, 1983. Crystal Ball at the Philadelphia Museum of Art. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1549220800458-ALFJ84KBVYVSQYG0MUW9/Crystal+Ball+83-0006-_11.jpg Party Pictures - Untitled, 1983. Crystal Ball at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, Brooke Shields at center, Nancy Glass in background https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1549220801711-3DJB6DMGBXMR9PSTTDBF/CrystalBall+-+83-8.jpg Party Pictures - Untitled, 1983. Crystal Ball at the Philadelphia Museum of Art. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1549220801699-W9E7IJ5TB3T901MLW6VS/flower+show+81-1.jpg Party Pictures - Untitled, 1979. Opening of the Philadelphia Flower Show https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1576000052856-MGS86NU94UPT4T9PIUAE/HD+-+88+-3.jpg Party Pictures - Untitled, 1988. Henry David Halloween Party https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1549220803519-GNGTLTC45K1CQDYH6CKY/HD+-79-81+-1.jpg Party Pictures - Untitled, 1979. Henri David’s Halloween Party https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1549220804143-LJKHMNHDC1PHPSLSP0T7/hd83-0018_11.jpg Party Pictures - Untitled, 1983. Henri David’s Halloween Party https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1549220804434-82BLERTVIT3H6I4I928M/IHUP+81+1_32.jpg Party Pictures - Untitled, 1981. International House at the University of Pennsylvania. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1549220806245-M0HG1MUOCYC4T6K48GSI/NewHaven-+77-78.jpg Party Pictures - Untitled, 1977. New Haven. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1549220805923-N1CRFFLQHQH3G0B0QQAJ/PAFA+-+80-10.jpg Party Pictures - Untitled, 1980. Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Jamie Weyth exhibition, September 9 to December 4, 1980. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1549220807018-7E1WIN04UD2TTQHS9V1F/PAFA+80-4-work.jpg Party Pictures - Untitled, 1980. Party at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts in honor of Jamie Wyeth exhibition, Andy Warhol at left https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1549220807519-Y1DWI4EBL37ESNR5D0XB/PAFA-+86+-1.jpg Party Pictures - Untitled, 1986. Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1549220808290-XVHJ4R7DU59OQLXTPHOG/RoselandBall+-+82-4.jpg Party Pictures - Untitled, 1982. Hairdressing competition at the Roseland Ballroom, NY. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1549220808617-27N63TX7BKC85AWS1WK7/RoselandBall+-+82-5.jpg Party Pictures - Untitled, 1982. Hairdressing competition at the Roseland Ballroom, New York https://www.williamearlewilliams.com/london-bristol-liverpool daily 0.75 2020-04-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586712658839-PMA6TRSRCDZR7PCKBV5I/London+bristol+Liverpool+INTRO.jpg London, Bristol, Liverpool https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586712658839-PMA6TRSRCDZR7PCKBV5I/London+bristol+Liverpool+INTRO.jpg London, Bristol, Liverpool https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586017706173-S56XBY3XPFVEP3B9WS6B/London+-003+copy.jpg London, Bristol, Liverpool - Baptismal Font, St. James Church, Picadilly, London, UK, 2017 Quobna Ottabah Cugoano (born 1757) was an anti-slavery author and activist. As a child, he was kidnapped by slave-traders and sold into slavery at the age of 13 in present-day Ghana. Cugoano was shipped to Grenada in 1772 and purchased by an English merchant who took him to England, where he was freed. Cugoano was baptized “John Stuart” at St James’s Church, Piccadilly on August 20, 1773. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586184837449-YSH2OZQT52KVS6KMYN3C/London+bristol+Liverpool+INTRO.jpg London, Bristol, Liverpool https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1585421799971-3Q62KEX4M34LSW9QSCVN/London+bristol+Liverpool+INTRO.jpg London, Bristol, Liverpool https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586017708303-MUUPGDHU76A7HOHX543M/London+-004+copy.jpg London, Bristol, Liverpool - Nell Gwynn House, South Kensington, London, UK, 2017 The Nell Gwynn House, Whiteheads Grove, South Kensington, is the site of the former home of British abolitionist George Thompson, who Douglass stayed with for a time in 1846, while lecturing in London on the horrors of the slave trade. This site now an apartment building and has a blue heritage plaque commemorating Douglass’s British and Irish abolition speaking tour of 1845-47. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586017709592-U94N7021B9RK87X4W3O9/London+-006+copy.jpg London, Bristol, Liverpool - West Indian Docks, London, UK, 2017 The West India Dock Company built the docks for the import of sugar, rum, and coffee from the Caribbean. Opened in 1802, the docks were called ‘the largest feat of civil engineering since the building of the pyramids’. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586017709980-IVA6KXUW00PIX1CGMYH6/London+-012+copy.jpg London, Bristol, Liverpool - Interior Friends House, Euston Road, London, UK, 2017 Some clergymen used Christian scriptures to justify slavery, others were studying the bible to find references to help end the practice. Although evangelicals tend to receive most of the credit for this, the origins of Christian abolitionism can be traced to the late 17th century and the Religious Society of Friends or 'Quakers'. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586017712335-BXBCSRUD62D38D93VD1K/London+-016+copy.jpg London, Bristol, Liverpool - Foreign and Commonwealth Office, London, UK, 2017 The Foreign Office was formed in March 1782 by combining the Southern and Northern Departments of the Secretary of State, each of which covered both foreign and domestic affairs in their parts of the Kingdom. The two departments' foreign affairs responsibilities became the Foreign Office. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586017712385-FKL59OX8EA9SORGRXTGE/London+-018+copy.jpg London, Bristol, Liverpool - Trafalgar Square, London, UK, 2017 Coffee houses stood here in earlier times where the business of insuring and financing vessels engaged in the slave trade was the principal business conducted during coffee drinking. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586017714324-IZFALDA6R6FTRZT8J0S7/London+-021+copy.jpg London, Bristol, Liverpool - National Portrait Gallery, London, UK 2017 A visitor gazes upon the portrait of John Wesley (1703-1791), English cleric, theologian, and evangelist who was a leader of a revival movement within the Church of England known as Methodism. He became a strong campaigner for the abolition of slavery even before it aroused public interest. He first came into contact with Slavery when he went to preach in the colony of Georgia in the US from 1736 to 1737. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586017715185-DRVDORPWL80KRX2TXZO0/London+-022+copy.jpg London, Bristol, Liverpool - The Houses of Parliament, London, UK, 2017 The Houses of Parliament or The Palace of Westminster has changed dramatically over the course of nearly a thousand years of its history. Transformed from royal residence to the home of modern democracy, the architecture and cultural collections have continually evolved. Throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, Parliament significantly shaped the progress and development of the transatlantic slave system. The Act of Parliament to abolish the British slave trade, passed on 25 March 1807, was the culmination of one of the first and most successful public campaigns in history. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586017716268-9DH0X4XV8DEJJOCRMQ6H/London+-024+copy.jpg London, Bristol, Liverpool - Lord Nelson’s Column, Trafalgar Square, London, UK, 2017 The pedestal of Nelson’s Column is decorated with four bronze relief panels, each 18 feet square, which was cast from captured French guns. They depict the Battle of Cape St Vincent, the Battle of the Nile, the Battle of Copenhagen and the Death of Nelson at Trafalgar. This panel depicts Nelson immediately after receiving his mortal wound; sailors to the left take aim at the marksman who dealt the blow including a black marine positioned at the far left of the panel. Engraved at the base of the panel. “England expects every man will do his duty. “ - Lord Nelson https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586017717510-7JPNFA63VMVFREJ34Z41/London+-026+copy.jpg London, Bristol, Liverpool - Statue George Washington, Trafalgar Square, London, UK, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586017679677-6M41NAESWJH8D7IA9R1V/Bristol+-002+copy.jpg London, Bristol, Liverpool - The Seven Stars Pub in Bristol, UK, 2017 The Seven Stars Pub in Bristol, UK is a major historical place in Britain because of its abolitionist history. The pub dates back to at least 1697. Its prominence dates to Reverend Thomas Clarkson who visited and gathered evidence with the proprietor of the Pub for anti-slavery activist William Wilberforce. The resulting findings were crucial to changing public opinion, which was initially for the plight of British seaman conscripted to join slave voyages against their will, but then shifted to the enslaved Africans. Peter Linebaugh, a Bristol historian noted that the meaning of the seven stars constellation in America meant that “ the Seven Stars (or ‘Drinking Gourd’)” played a major part in the freeing of slaves. The “Drinking Gourd” is a famous coded Slavery song (‘pilot verse’) that gave freedom-seekers the directions to the North and safety. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586017680342-J9ULWSZSZMHDXZ05WX7X/Bristol+-007+copy.jpg London, Bristol, Liverpool - The Ostrich Inn and Pub, Bristol, UK, 2017 The Ostrich Inn and Pub located on lower Guinea Street Harbor Side in Bristol, UK dates back to at least 1745. It is one of the pubs used by the sailors, shipyard and dockside workers and merchants who worked in the Port of Bristol during the time of the slave trade. One of the Inn’s walls has been partly knocked down so that visitors can see part of the caves under Redcliffe. These caves were created by mining sand needed to make glass beads used by slave traders in Bristol to purchase slaves in West Africa that were in turn sold in the New World for purchase and or trade to complete the Triangle in the slave trade. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586017682504-Y25775CUXXIJH0846XQC/Bristol+-011+copy.jpg London, Bristol, Liverpool - Shakespeare Pub, Prince Street, Bristol, UK, 2017 This street was built in the early 1700s and the Shakespeare public house is one of the few buildings, which has survived from then. The Shakespeare Pub was part of a terrace of houses built for Bristol slaving merchants, Henry Combe and John Becher. Both men also owned slave plantations in the West Indies. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1585427854214-03EHNHRV7EM5PYG7TJZG/London+bristol+Liverpool+INTRO.jpg London, Bristol, Liverpool https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586017683438-HJQ22UBIW66D7N6OGFZP/Bristol+-014+copy.jpg London, Bristol, Liverpool - Edward Colston Statue, Colston Avenue, Bristol UK, 2017 Colston (1636-1721) was the son of a prosperous Bristol merchant; until recently, Colston's involvement in the slave trade, the source of much of the money, which he bestowed to Bristol, went largely unremarked. Since then there has been growing interest in Bristol's role in the 'triangular trade', which saw ships leave Bristol filled with goods to purchase slaves, carry those slaves to West Indies plantations, and return to Bristol with sugar. Although Colston's principal connection with the slave trade was through the London-based Royal African Company, he has come to be seen as the pre-eminent representative of this aspect of Bristol's history. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586017685487-FTJW5RXS1LAB2Y4RRLOI/Bristol+-015+copy.jpg London, Bristol, Liverpool - The New Room, Chapel, Bristol, UK, 2017 The early Methodists were frequently attacked by mobs. The lack of windows on the ground floor was a safety measure against such attack. The building was also designed to make it difficult for any mob that broke in to reach the preacher quickly - witness the limited access to the pulpit. The chapel today is as it would have been in 1748 except for the central block of pews that are not pictured. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586017686080-H8CALV0J1EX3F4G2Z3OD/Bristol+-016+copy.jpg London, Bristol, Liverpool - Lobby, The New Room, Bristol, UK, 2017 The original New Room was too small and not built well enough so, in 1748, it was rebuilt and doubled in size. This included creating a suite of rooms above the main room for use by John Wesley and other preachers. Many of the early Methodist Conferences were held here. Its location in Bristol played a significant role in Methodism’s increasing involvement in America and in the movement’s anti-slavery campaign. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586017687466-V1SWIZF3QBDB36DAMXL4/Bristol+-017+copy.jpg London, Bristol, Liverpool - Entrance The New Room, Bristol, UK, 2017 John Wesley (1703-1791) was asked by the members of two religious societies in Bristol to create “a new room” where they could meet. The resulting building served many functions because Wesley encouraged the religious society members to offer food and clothing to the poor, run a school for children, arrange visits to the nearby prison, and help the sick by running a free medical dispensary. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1585426781978-QBE41PX5WDH47WMPPGO2/London+bristol+Liverpool+INTRO.jpg London, Bristol, Liverpool https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586017688257-766E578P77D8X8WU4GMW/Bristol+-021+copy.jpg London, Bristol, Liverpool - Pero’s Bridge, Bristol, UK, 2017 The bridge is named after Pero, also known as Pero Jones, who lived from around 1753 to 1798, arriving in Bristol from the Caribbean island of Nevis in 1784, as the slave of the merchant John Pinney (1740-1818). Pero's Bridge is a pedestrian bascule bridge that spans St Augustine's Reach in Bristol Harbor. It links Queen Square and Millennium Square over the tidal waters of the Avon and the Frome that were diverted in 1809 to create a floating, or tideless, harbor with a constant water depth. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586017691166-HA9M18ZKFYKYFDM3TKCI/Bristol+-022+copy.jpg London, Bristol, Liverpool - Wall Sign, Bristol, UK, 2017 Bristol located in the South West of England, on the River Avon, which flows into the Severn Estuary. Because of its location on the Avon, it has been an important center for maritime trade for centuries. Bristol merchants were granted the right to trade in slaves in 1698 from then until the end of the Slave Trade in Britain in 1807, just over 2,100 Bristol ships set sail on slaving voyages. In 1809 tidal waters of the Avon and the Frome were diverted to create a floating, or tideless, harbor with a constant water depth greatly improving the efficiency of the port. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586017691374-IMXFZKNIPZI02EG493NO/Bristol+-027+copy.jpg London, Bristol, Liverpool - Historical Bristol Harbor and Port, Bristol, UK, 2007 During the later 17th and the 18th centuries Bristol prospered as a processing center for sugar and tobacco imported from Britain’s colonies in the Americas, to whom it supplied textiles, pottery, glass, and other manufactured goods. The import of Jamaican sugar and cacao from West Africa led to the creation of the “sugar houses” of Bristol and to chocolate manufacturing. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586017694771-YDEH4N5CVA9YB6A7OCHI/Liverpool+-003+copy.jpg London, Bristol, Liverpool - William Ewart Gladstone Memorial, St John’s Garden’s Liverpool, UK, 2017 William Gladstone (1809-1898) served four times as Prime Minister. He was a member of Parliament from 1832 to 1894. His views of slavery echoed those of his father, who was one of the largest slave owners in the British West Indies. Gladstone opposed the slave trade but wanted to improve the condition of the slaves before they were liberated. In 1833, he accepted emancipation because it was accompanied by a period of apprenticeship for the ex-slaves and by financial compensation for the planters. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1585426329012-0MS4D03OYU7T4NRKXAQ4/London+bristol+Liverpool+INTRO.jpg London, Bristol, Liverpool https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586017693586-K5T47A16N4AHHCO2QOAK/Liverpool+-006+copy.jpg London, Bristol, Liverpool - Royal Albert Dock, Liverpool, UK, 2017 When it opened in 1846, 40% of global trade passed through Liverpool by the beginning of the 19th century. The Dock engineer and architect Jesse Hartley conceived of Albert Dock, which was the first structure in the UK to be built from cast iron, brick and stone, with no structural wood. As a result, it was the first non-combustible warehouse system in the world with vast warehouses on its quaysides to securely store goods arriving from around the world. The speed with which ships unloaded and turned around was cut in half. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586017696064-4Q7L0S489T6QUXWDXEK3/Liverpool+-009+copy.jpg London, Bristol, Liverpool - Power House Stanley Dock, Liverpool, UK, 2017 This dock opened in 1848 and it is the only one in Liverpool, which was built inland. The original quay warehouses are of a similar to those at Albert Dock. Traders could do deals before their import taxes were due; hydraulic cranes hauled heavy cargoes across the flagstones. Stanley Dock and the others designed by Hartley are part of Liverpool’s World Heritage UNESCO port site. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586017697469-ZMF8L60823M2JSBEV2OS/Liverpool+-015+copy.jpg London, Bristol, Liverpool - Interior Edge Hill Railroad Station, Liverpool, UK, 2017 The Liverpool to Manchester Railway opened in September of 1836. The Edge Hill Station in Liverpool was built as a passenger station. It was founded in part by Liverpool Caribbean plantation owner families. Although lauded as the first passenger railway in the world, its main use was to transport slave produced cotton to the mills of Lancashire. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586017698827-VBNZM8NSIOSPBKDJ5457/Liverpool+-017+copy.jpg London, Bristol, Liverpool - Stanley Dock Lifting Bridge, Liverpool, UK, 2017 This rolling lift bridge allows Regent Street traffic to pass over the channel connecting Stanley Dock to Collingwood Dock. In the distance is the Victoria Clock Tower of 1848 designed by Jesse Hartley, the architect of both docks. It was built to aid ship navigation into the port and to provide the correct time for ships. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1585425366289-15QAJVFVRO7JUGL6NIIY/London+bristol+Liverpool+INTRO.jpg London, Bristol, Liverpool https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586017701078-XLF6BJ152GGHW13HZ5KV/Liverpool+-018+copy.jpg London, Bristol, Liverpool - Detail, St George’s Hall, Liverpool, UK, 2017 St George’s Hall detail of entryway opposite of Lime Street Railroad Station. The hall contains concert halls, law courts, galleries, and exhibition halls. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586017701214-8VFKCJY2S6BT8PZVIYCC/Liverpool+-020+copy.jpg London, Bristol, Liverpool - Steps, St George’s Hall, Liverpool, UK, 2017 The view in this picture is from St George’s Place looking towards Lime Street Railroad Station. The building completed in 1854 and is considered one of the finest Neoclassical buildings in existence. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586017702949-SF4VHF2P05PW7QXP738E/Liverpool+-023+copy.jpg London, Bristol, Liverpool - Interior, Blackburn House, Liverpool House, UK, 2017 John Blackburne (1693-1786) is named on a list of merchants trading with Africa in 1752. He served as mayor in 1760. In 1790, John Blackburne Junior built his country house that, in 1844, would become the first high school for girls – Blackburne House. This building is now used as an education and training center for girls and women. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586017703228-4GVAHDOW8HN2C8WM8I57/Liverpool+-028+copy.jpg London, Bristol, Liverpool - Historic Port Liverpool, UK 2017 The Graving Docks (built in 1756 and 1765-69) are the oldest surviving part of the Liverpool dock system. Ships used in the slave trade were repaired here. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1585423932769-WTVBU7ORIZSQM05NDU7P/London+bristol+Liverpool+INTRO.jpg London, Bristol, Liverpool https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1586017706793-LIWLZKUXYDL31I8WOZOE/Liverpool+-030+copy.jpg London, Bristol, Liverpool - Graveyard, St Andrew’s Church, Liverpool, UK, 2017 John Gladstone (1764-1851) father of William Gladstone, the Prime Minister, was one of the largest slaveholders in Britain. He built this church, which is located near his home on Rodney Street. 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Uncovering the Path to Freedom: photographs of the Underground Railroad (Soft Cover) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a208d46d74cff1258e44621/1549140753569-98T8YIGI5JMLVPLDWHVV/20190126_0018+copy.jpg Store - Uncovering the Path to Freedom: photographs of the Underground Railroad (Soft Cover)